Archimedes (c. 287 BC - 212 BC) was a Greek mathematician, physicist, and inventor. In mechanics, Archimedes defined the principle of the lever and is credited with inventing the compound pulley. He invented the Archimedes "screw" for raising water from the Nile to irrigate fields. He is best known for discovering the law of hydrostatics, often called Archimedes' principle, which states that a body immersed in fluid loses weight equal to the weight of the amount of fluid it displaces. This discovery is said to have been made as Archimedes stepped into his bath and perceived the displaced water overflowing.

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